Caveat: I do not own a laptop and seriously dislike the concept behind the touchpad. Somehow, I always had less issues using the "nipple" on a laptop.
Given the info that I encountered about this subject, I get the impression that Windows 10 has a driver support problem regarding chiral scrolling in general and that it appears to be an synaptics-only feature.
Possible fix for chiral scrolling on Synaptic touchpad in Win 10:
Navigate to Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Synaptics\SynTPCpl\Controls\03TabScroll\
Find the items 4OneFEdgeScrollChiralInfoText and 4OneFEdgeScrollChiralCheckBox
Change the Visibility key of both from 4 to 0
Open the control panel, go to scroll tab and the option should be available again.
Possible fix for chiral scrolling on ELAN touchpad in Win 10:
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Elantech\SmartPadDisplay]
"EdgeScroll_Display"=dword:00000001
Open the control panel, go to scroll tab and the option should be available again.
For ALPS touchpads,
barely any info came up during my searches.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Alps\Apoint
Look for: ScrMethod
Set the Hex value to 1 and reboot
There are several sites making the recommendation to replace the synaptic driver from Windows 10 with this one: synaptics_v10.2.4.0_allOS_modded_b2.zip (Google that file name to find download links).
Or you can go an even trickier route an replace the current driver for your touchpad with a driver intended for an earlier version of Windows (7 would be the best version to start with). And you might even consider to use the driver from a different laptop manufacturer (after you checked they used the same model of your particular touchpad).
Tool that might make your Synaptics touchpad more bearable again, in case you don't want to mess around with driver software:
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Two-Finger-Scroll