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3476
Living Room / Re: silly humor - post 'em here! [warning some NSFW and adult content]
« Last post by IainB on November 14, 2013, 02:25 PM »
But just sayin' ... the days when they could put comments like that in textbooks, before they were marketing-spinned to death!
____________________
Well, I guess that is an indication of how out-of-touch I am with the "Modern World" ... Because I see nothing wrong with the comment what so ever. Then again, I also do not consider political science to be a real science either.
____________________
I recall that in my co-ed grammar school in the UK, they used to have "extra-curricular" studies for the children to take/choose, except there was little choice and it boiled down to mandatory gender-based assumption - the boys took "woodwork" and the girls took "domestic science" (cooking).
Being a budding and very keen scientist and astronomer at the time, I was confuzzled and never could understand where the word "science" actually came into the equation and wondered whether they should call the other thing "woodworking science".

By that age, one of my constant companions was my Pocket Oxford Dictionary, which would've had something similar to this:
(Source: 10th ed. of the Concise Oxford Dictionary.)
science
· n.
1 the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.
2 a systematically organized body of knowledge on any subject.
3 archaic knowledge.
– ORIGIN ME: from OFr., from L. scientia, from scire ‘know’.
_______________________

Here's a joke about physics, which is one of the exact sciences:
Green bananas.

This bloke is working on the buses and collecting tickets. He rings the bell for the driver to set off when there's a woman half getting on the bus. The driver sets off, the woman falls from the bus and is killed.

At the trial the bloke is sent down for murder and seeing as its Texas he's sent to the electric chair. On the day of his execution he's sat in the chair and the executioner grants him a final wish.

"Well," says the man, "is that your packed lunch over there?"

"Yes." answers the executioner.

"Can I have that green banana?" the man asks.

The executioner gives the man his green banana and waits until he's eaten it. When the man's finished, the executioner flips the switch sending hundreds of thousands of volts through the man. When the smoke clears the man is still alive. The executioner can't believe it.

"Can I go?" the man asks.

"I suppose so." says the executioner, "That's never happened before."

The man leaves and eventually gets his job back on the buses selling tickets. Again he rings the bell for the driver to go when people are still getting on. A man falls under the wheels and is killed. The bloke is sent down for murder again, and sent to the electric chair. The executioner is determined to do it right this time so he rigs the chair up to the electricity grid for the whole of Texas. The bloke is again sat in the chair.

"What is your final wish?" asks the executioner.

"Can I have that green banana in your packed lunch?" says the condemned man.

The executioner sighs and reluctantly gives up his banana. The bloke eats the banana all up and the executioner flips the switch. Millions of volts course through the chair blacking out Texas. When the smoke clears the man is still there smiling in the chair. The executioner can't believe it and lets the man go.

Well, would you believe, the bloke gets his job back on the buses. Once again he rings the bell whilst passengers are still getting on, this time killing three of them. He is sent to the electric chair again. The executioner rigs up the chair to the entire American national grid, determined to get his man this time. The man sits down in the chair smiling.

"What's your final wish?" asks the executioner.

"Well," says the man, "can I have that green banana out of your packed lunch?"

The executioner hands over his banana and the man eats it all, skin included. The executioner then pulls the handle and a zillion million trillion volts go through the chair. When the smoke rises the man is still sat there alive without even a burn mark.

"I give up." says the executioner, "I don't understand. How can you still be alive after all that?" and he strokes his chin thoughtfully, adding, "It's something to do with eating those green bananas isn't it?" he asks.

"Nah." says the bloke, "I'm just a really bad conductor."
3477
Living Room / Re: How long do hard drives actually live for?
« Last post by IainB on November 13, 2013, 09:50 PM »
@40hz: Thanks for that. It's all an education for me.
Because I have some problems (identified by HDS PRO) with the HP ENVY 14 laptop hard disk (see here) I was looking at the Performance and Health weighting factors that are applied. The HDS website has a good description here - Health calculation | Hard Disc Sentinel, and differentiates between server disk drives and desktop disk drives.
...The hard disk has 100% condition initially. All critical health-rated S.M.A.R.T. parameters (if they are available, it depends on the manufacturer) decrease this value. These attributes have a pre defined weight and a maximum limit value (the latter defines the maximum degradation in health value for the attribute). The overall health percent value is calculated by multiplying the remaining percent values (100 – degradation %).

Currently, Hard Disk Sentinel has two different such methods. By using the default method, the weights and limits (see below) are lighter. If the more strict, recommended for servers option is used the values are much more strict, the problems may reduce the health much drastically. ...

So, presumably a conventional approach to answering the question "How long do hard drives actually live for?" would be to differentiate between the two types (server disk drives and desktop disk drives) in some similar manner, and analyse and assess the statistical life expectancy and performance correspondingly.
3478
Mini-Reviews by Members / Re: Hard Disk Sentinel PRO - Mini-Review
« Last post by IainB on November 13, 2013, 07:56 PM »
Was pouring over HDS reports whilst making a post in this discussion Re: How long do hard drives actually live for?

I had earlier noticed that the "Health" percentage had fallen from 69% to 60%, and went looking for the analysis.

Here is the overview as at 2012-02-03:
HDSentinel 00 - (OLD) Overview tab (2012-02-03).png

Here is the overview as at 2013-11-14:
HDS PRO - 05 Overview + health status reduced (2013-11-14).jpg

Here is the latest problem analysis:
HDS PRO - 06 Problem analysis (2013-11-14).jpg

I distinctly recall at some stage banging the laptop accidentally against a door-jamb whilst moving it when it was still switched on. (Thus breaking one of my own rules about not carrying about an active laptop.) I also recall knocking it on my lap and nearly dropping it (whilst moving out of the baby's way.)
The analysis shows that a G-Sense event occurred around the date of the non-critical but unrepairable event #197 (Current pending sector count) appearing in the log. So, it looks like I did could have done this one myself. Sheesh.
3479
Living Room / Re: Security Questions (humor)
« Last post by IainB on November 13, 2013, 07:11 PM »
Very droll.
3480
Living Room / Re: How long do hard drives actually live for?
« Last post by IainB on November 13, 2013, 05:05 PM »
I did a DuckGo search for "normal operating temperature for hard drives" and came up with lots of useful results. For example, this one from Seagate:
(Copied below sans embedded hyperlinks/images, with some of my emphasis.)
What is the normal operating temperature for Seagate disk drives?

Discusses the normal parameters for operating temperatures for Seagate drives.

The drive should never exceed the temperature ranges below. If the drives ever exceed these temperature ranges then the drive is considered "overheated" or is not getting adequate air flow from your current case environment.

With our newer model drives the maximum temperature is now at 60 degrees Celsius.

The operating temperature range for most Seagate hard drives is 5 to 50 degrees Celsius. A normal PC case should provide adequate cooling.

However, if your enclosure is unable to maintain this range, we suggest that you contact your system manufacturer for information on cooling and ventilation hardware that is compatible with your specific configuration.

The answer to this question depends on your case environment. If you have adequate cooling, it is probably not necessary. If you feel that you need additional cooling, use your favorite internet search engine and enter the keywords "drive bay cooling kit".

REFERENCE TO THIRD PARTIES AND THIRD PARTY WEB SITES. Seagate references third parties and third party products as an informational service only, it is not an endorsement or recommendation - implied or otherwise - of any of the listed companies. Seagate makes no warranty - implied or otherwise - regarding the performance or reliability of these companies or products. Each company listed is independent from Seagate and is not under the control of Seagate; therefore, Seagate accepts no responsibility for and disclaims any liability from the actions or products of the listed companies. You should make your own independent evaluation before conducting business with any company. To obtain product specifications and warranty information, please contact the respective vendor directly. There are links in this document that will permit you to connect to third-party web sites over which Seagate has no control. These links are provided for your convenience only and your use of them is at your own risk. Seagate makes no representations whatsoever about the content of any of these web sites. Seagate does not endorse or accept any responsibility for the content, or use, of any such web sites.

This rather makes sense, and in the case of the 7200rpm 500Gb 2½" hard drive in my HP ENVY 14 laptop, it corresponds with snapshots of the daily temps, as below. These are reports from Hard Disk Sentinel PRO:

Daily average temps.:
HDS PRO - 01 average daily drive temps (2013-11-14).jpg

Daily max temps.:
HDS PRO - 02 daily drive max temps (2013-11-14).jpg
3481
Living Room / Re: How long do hard drives actually live for?
« Last post by IainB on November 13, 2013, 03:22 PM »
Oops. Sorry. I just noticed that in my comment to @Edvard (above) I had erroneously given the disk rotation speed as:  5700rpm.
Corrected now to what it should have been: 7200rpm.
3482
Living Room / Re: How long do hard drives actually live for?
« Last post by IainB on November 13, 2013, 03:24 AM »
@Edvard: Yes, I have never known a hard drive to fail, though it has happened to some people that I know of.
I reckon hard drives are probably over-engineered and likely to last ages - at least with the type of intermittent usage on PCs. I have some pretty old 2½" laptop drives lying around, mostly from 3+ year old/dead laptops, and they all still seem to work fine when I fire them up. (I usually keep them as long-term archives.)
From memory the first and only trouble I have ever had with a hard drive was with the bad blocks on the 5700rpm 7200rpm. drive in my HP ENVY 14 laptop - which was mentioned as being reported on by Hard Drive Sentinel in the review I linked to above. The drive is still working fine with no further trouble, the NTFS "self-healing" of the bad blocks apparently having been catered for by the Win7 operating system.
3483
General Software Discussion / Re: Firefox Extensions: Your favorite or most useful
« Last post by IainB on November 13, 2013, 01:53 AM »
Rather useful collection - a mixture of add-ons, shortcuts and fixes:

Some potential/real timesavers there.
3484
Living Room / Re: YouTube finally forces creation of google+ A/C to comment
« Last post by IainB on November 12, 2013, 11:42 PM »
This guy makes a pretty valid rant about the Google+ - Youtube clusterfuck.
____________________
wow, I didnt realise that things are *that* bad.
I didnt understand why weird comments were top of the list - if you go to that video on YT, someone did a test where they replied 500 times to a post complaining about the new sorting system. Oh, cant see it any more - the video has gone viral folks. Including swastikas and god knows what else in the comments.
http://www.youtube.c.../watch?v=jQjocZXHOg4
The marriage of Google+ and YouTube is in big trouble by the looks of it ....
____________________
Amazing, I had been trying to avoid the almost coercive push by Google to get me registered on g+, but now I'm on it. It became impossible to avoid unless I shut down my google account.
Because I rarely use YouTube except to download/watch the odd video, I had not realised that it had become an apparently monumental clusterfark - as suggested by boogie2988 (the fat guy with the beard in a post above) and SONSofLIBERTYIII (the "Hot Girl" singing with the ukulele in the above post).

I can see why @mouser has the opinion that he does ^^ about Google, and I suspect he's probably right in what he says, but I would give Google some credit for introducing quite a lot of disruptive technology that has changed the landscape of the Internet in several novel and beneficial ways.
Google have at least tried to create or acquire some entirely new things - for example, Google Desktop Search, Picasa, Google Reader, Google Docs (was Writely) and WAVE - and by releasing lots/most (all?) of their stuff as "Beta" and with lots of hype, were able to mobilise large numbers of Internet users to put their prototypes through the hoops. Of course, this means that when people like boogie2988 complain and ask Google to "fix" the YouTube clusterfark, it doesn't really matter, because boogie2988 is not a paying customer - he's one of Google's millions of unpaid resources.
The real customers are presumably the advertisers and others who directly pay Google for their services. The market in which they play is one of Google's creation and it is ubiquitous, though I am unsure as to whether it is a "monopoly" per se (by strict definition).
3485
I am a user of Firefox 26 from the beta channel. (OS is Win7-64 Home Premium.)
Today I downloaded and installed Internet Explorer 11 onto a laptop. It required a restart of the laptop, which spent a long time "adjusting settings" before it eventually shut down and restarted.
After restart, everything seemed fine until I started up Firefox, which crashed immediately it was started, before even getting up any browser window. This was consistently repeatable and popped up an error window with the choice of restart or resetting all the Firefox settings - the latter I wished to avoid doing.
Otherwise, Firefox worked OK in protected mode.

So, as an experiment, I download Firefox 26 from the beta channel and installed it. Worked a treat.
Problem solved.

UPDATE 2013-12-25 1142hrs: - just for the record in this thread I started:
The fact of Firefox crashing after I had installed IE11 was, it seems, just a coincidence. I kept FF on its last stable ß update and stopped allowing FF to automatically update. After skipping 3 updates this way, I allowed the 4th one, and it was stable. Subsequent updates have been stable also.
Meanwhile IE11 has been running solid/stable all the time.
3486
Living Room / Re: How long do hard drives actually live for?
« Last post by IainB on November 12, 2013, 09:50 PM »
Whilst a disaster contingency strategy of backing-up everything in anticipation/assumption of (say) a 3 or 4-year lifespan for a drive would seem to be prudent and could give you some peace-of-mind, it would have the disadvantage that the strategy would apparently be based on uncertainty - a belief/expectation/anticipation of a failure event at some future guessed-for date. As a strategy that is rather like "working blind" or "in the dark".

The only disaster contingency backup that will be of productive use is likely to be the last backup which chanced to be taken before the disaster (disk failure event) - always assuming that you can use that backup to make a recovery from (and how often does one test for that failure?).

All the other unproductive disaster contingency backing-up and administration of same is going to be time consuming, and the consumption of the necessary unproductive backup resources (e.g., including man-hours, CPU-secs., hardware, and on/off-site space rental costs) are likely to be cumulatively expensive too.

However, if, as well as normal operational backups, you have a tool that is monitoring the state of your hard drives in realtime and which will report faults as soon as deterioration starts to set in, and before failure occurs, then one could arguably be in much better control of risk mitigation.
So, for most PC-users and small client-server operations, I would strongly recommend consideration of something like Hard Disk Sentinel PRO, which is relatively inexpensive.
See here: Hard Disk Sentinel PRO - Mini-Review.
3487
Living Room / Re: silly humor - post 'em here! [warning some NSFW and adult content]
« Last post by IainB on November 12, 2013, 04:18 PM »
3488
Living Room / Re: Knight to queen's bishop 3 - Snowden charged with espionage.
« Last post by IainB on November 10, 2013, 05:53 AM »
^^ Moronic.

More absurdity:
(Copied below sans embedded hyperlinks/images.)
UK Gov't Losing The Plot: Now Claiming Snowden Leaks Could Help Pedophiles
from the wtf? dept
Having already gone down the crazy path to arguing that journalism can be terorrism if it's "designed to influence a government," in the David Miranda detention lawsuit, the UK government is also claiming that the Ed Snowden leaks may help pedophiles. This seems to be a dystopian updated version of copyright maximalists trying to use child porn to support their own arguments. The general thinking is "just make some sort of nonsensical connection to child porn, and that'll show people how serious this is." The reality is that since most people can think, they realize that there is no connection to child porn, and thus the claim makes no sense. Same thing here, but at an even more bizarre level of insanity.
    Paedophiles may escape detection because highly-classified material about Britain’s surveillance capabilities have been published by the Guardian newspaper, the government has claimed.

    A senior Whitehall official said data stolen by Edward Snowden, a former contractor to the US National Security Agency, could be exploited by child abusers and other cyber criminals.
____________________
How? Uh, don't ask silly questions like that. The government has said "child abusers" so shut up and be scared. The Telegraph article, by David Barrett, admits that the government didn't explain how it made this connection, but then attempts to connect the dots for you:

    it is well known that many paedophiles use the internet to share child pornography and to groom potential victims. They also use “peer to peer” groups on the web to communicate with other child abusers.

    Any clues about how to evade detection which have been provided by Mr Snowden’s leaks could help paedophiles to cover their tracks.
____________________

But, under that argument, any privacy or encryption could be lumped into that same camp. Does David Barrett or the UK government refuse to use SSL on webpages, since encryption can be used to cover the tracks of pedophiles? The argument shows just how painfully desperate the UK government is in this case -- and also how petty and jealous it appears the Guardian's UK competitors have become, in that this is reported as if Snowden's efforts seriously would "help pedophiles."
3489
Living Room / Re: Issues in Windows 8.0 and 8.1 migration
« Last post by IainB on November 10, 2013, 05:02 AM »
Well, so far, there seem to be some really indifferent experiences with Win 8.0 and some bad experiences with Win 8.1 (I thought Win 8.1 was supposed to overcome the Win 8.0 limitations?).
Many people on this forum and others seem to be holding back and staying with Win 7 (those that want a Windows OS, anyway).
I think I'll just keep the migration on ice for a while and see how things pan out for Win 8.1 or maybe 8.2.
I only bought the Win 8.0 because the special price was about to run out, and so I thought I'd get it in anticipation of installing it at some later stage. But that stage is not now.
I am usually an early adopter of technology that looks useful, but not of OSes. You can end up investing a mountain of unproductive time in an OS, if it flaky.
3490
Living Room / Re: What *Should* We Be Worried About?
« Last post by IainB on November 08, 2013, 02:09 AM »
I'm so worried about what's hapenin' today, in the middle east, you know. ...
Yep. Now I are especially worried too, after reading this (which just might turn into something that could keep us all awake at night - if there are any of us left to worry, that is):
(Copied below sans embedded hyperlinks/images.)
Snippets from Israel daily news stream

1. The US and Iran hope to reach an agreement by Friday that would lift some sanctions of the international sanctions for six months. In return, the Iranians would curb their uranium enrichment program. McClatchy News sums up the deal so far:
At the heart of the proposal is the demand that Iran halt the expansion of its ability to enrich uranium, presumably by not buying new centrifuges, the equipment used in the enrichment process. That’s a change from previous demands that Iran stop enriching uranium past a certain purity.
____________________

Israel opposes the proposal. AP‘s fact checks what Israel claims the Iranians are doing.

2. The Saudis bought nuclear weapons from Pakistan, according to the BBC. They’re even ready for delivery:
One senior Pakistani, speaking on background terms, confirmed the broad nature of the deal – probably unwritten – his country had reached with the kingdom and asked rhetorically “what did we think the Saudis were giving us all that money for? It wasn’t charity.”
Another, a one-time intelligence officer from the same country, said he believed “the Pakistanis certainly maintain a certain number of warheads on the basis that if the Saudis were to ask for them at any given time they would immediately be transferred.”
____________________

This might potentially be a tad worse than an itty-bitty radiation leak at Fukushima (where apparently no-one was killed or is dying of radiation poisoning, and no deformed births are expected as a result).
3491
Living Room / Re: Knight to queen's bishop 3 - Snowden charged with espionage.
« Last post by IainB on November 06, 2013, 08:17 PM »
...
But before you go even that far, I meant it at a people level, it's a theme vs the whole Snowden mess. "You don't have a privacy violation if you don't know it exists" type of comments!
Absolutely. Those are words one could wish one had not uttered. Very damning and at the same time illuminating words.
I suppose it's a variation of "ignorance is bliss", but it would not be correct to call it a rational justification of illegal actions.
For example:
"Sure I stole the old lady's money out her handbag, but she never knew of it, so, like, no harm done, eh?"
________________
Yeah, right.
3492
Living Room / Re: Knight to queen's bishop 3 - Snowden charged with espionage.
« Last post by IainB on November 06, 2013, 07:46 PM »
Of all tyrannies, a tyranny sincerely exercised for the good of its victims may be the most oppressive. – C.S. Lewis
Here's a little bit of help from about 1985!
http://www.youtube.c.../watch?v=WfgKy6B-1R8
Stabilizers - Tyranny
...
_______________________
That has reminded me of the SF story about the inventor who designed a robot with built-in programming to ensure the health, safety and happiness of humans, and other programming to enable it to be self-replicating and able to improve on the basic engineering design, as and when necessary.

A swathe of the robots offered themselves up to a grateful mankind as personal servants. They automated all the dangerous things like cars, motorbikes and so forth, even bicycles, so that people could not get hurt using them any more. No more rock-climbing though, for example. They steadily took all the fun out of life that comes from risky behaviour and skill development.

The inventor realised that he had let an awful and unstoppable tyranny loose on the world, and he could see no way to reverse it. He became terrified of the robots. The robots were concerned for him as they strove to ensure his health, safety and happiness. And though he tried desperately to hide his unhappiness from them, they were skilled in human psychology and could see that he was not happy, and so did the best they could for him and gave him a frontal lobotomy, after which he seemed quite happy.
3493
Living Room / Re: Issues in Windows 8.0 and 8.1 migration
« Last post by IainB on November 06, 2013, 04:40 PM »
Did you see this thread ? : https://www.donation...ex.php?topic=32883.0
Thanks @Ath. No, I had not seen that particular one.
3494
Living Room / Issues in Windows 8.0 and 8.1 migration
« Last post by IainB on November 06, 2013, 07:37 AM »
To be, or not to be...

On 2013-02-01, for $49.99, I bought Windows8 Pro Upgrade. However, I have held off installing it due to the advent of Win8.1.
After reading this: How to uninstall Windows 8.1 | How To - CNET, I have to admit to being a little uncertain.
I would be interested in the advice/experiences of DCF members regarding this migration.
My current OS is Win7-64 Home Premium, Build 7601.
3495
Living Room / Re: Knight to queen's bishop 3 - Snowden charged with espionage.
« Last post by IainB on November 06, 2013, 07:22 AM »
...Really? Smog limits visibility to 3 m and they're worried about national security?
You can't make this stuff up.
But you might be wrong. Maybe you can make this stuff up - after all, Chinese magicians have been able to perform fantastic feats using smoke and mirrors...maybe they are worried that the general populace will become expert in it too...

On another topic:
From: http://21stcenturywi...mon-ground-ideology/
"The entire history of America is towards concentration of power and oppression."
- Barrack Obama (Strassman interview August of 1995)
So, one valid question would seem to be: Is he intending continuing that history, or doing something about correcting it?
3496
Living Room / Re: Knight to queen's bishop 3 - Snowden charged with espionage.
« Last post by IainB on November 04, 2013, 04:52 PM »
@tomos: ^^ Interesting.
Colour me skeptical. I wonder whether the German government would offer Snowden asylum, after talking it over when they sobered up in the morning.
Certainly, Snowden could arguably be said to have provided a service to Germany and other EU countries, and though by giving him asylum, the Germans might be hoping to take the opportunity to impotently thumb their noses at the US for spying on their government ministers, the satisfaction could be short-lived when they start to appreciate the awful reality of US pressures that could be brought to bear. Snowden might end up being extradited to the US within a couple of months, regardless of what the German government might have promised him. It might already be a ruse to entice Snowden into a country from which he could be more readily extradited to the US. There's no honour amongst thieves.

In any event, if even the Russians were apparently too frightened to commit to full asylum for Snowden in the face of potential/threatened US pressures, one doubts whether a gnat like Germany would be able to prevail where the Russians would not even try.
3497
Living Room / Re: Knight to queen's bishop 3 - Snowden charged with espionage.
« Last post by IainB on November 04, 2013, 02:08 PM »
I don't recall having seen that quote of his until yesterday. The full context is:
Of all tyrannies, a tyranny sincerely exercised for the good of its victims may be the most oppressive. It would be better to live under robber barons than under omnipotent moral busybodies. The robber baron's cruelty may sometimes sleep, his cupidity may at some point be satiated; but those who torment us for our own good will torment us without end for they do so with the approval of their own conscience.
    C. S. Lewis
    English essayist & juvenile novelist (1898 - 1963)
From: http://www.quotation...com/quote/33029.html
Snowdengate has shown this tyranny to be prevalent unequivocally in the US presidents and their administrations (e.g., including Bush, Obama), and now unequivocally in the UK (e.g., including Cameron). In the UK, they have also taken censorship a stage further by having the Privy Council (a law court run by government officials) giving the green light to a bill/tool for gagging the press - laughably called a Royal Charter. They've not quite done that sort of thing yet in the US, I gather.
When flying to either country, one could be forgiven for singing:
Back in the US,
Back in the US,
Back in the USSR!

3498
Living Room / Re: Knight to queen's bishop 3 - Snowden charged with espionage.
« Last post by IainB on November 04, 2013, 08:09 AM »
Of all tyrannies, a tyranny sincerely exercised for the good of its victims may be the most oppressive. – C.S. Lewis
3499
General Software Discussion / Re: CryptoLocker and CryptoPrevent
« Last post by IainB on November 04, 2013, 04:40 AM »
Further to the ethics points, I am seeing a surprising number of people, not companies, pay up.
Pay for the likes of MBAM pro and you are half, it's never a full step anymore, a step ahead
Yes, I always regarded my investment in a licence for MBAM Pro to be preventive, rather than curative. MBAM Pro has realtime scanning, which is apparently an effective Crilock avoidance tool - assuming that you keep it enabled. There doesn't seem to be any cure for Crilock, and paying the ransom does not mean that you won't get immediately reinfected - as some people have found out to their chagrin.
3500
Living Room / Re: Peer Review and the Scientific Process
« Last post by IainB on November 03, 2013, 08:09 PM »
Interesting perspective of peer-reviewed literature from a science journalist - John Horgan - who kicks himself for a lack of investigation when writing an article in 1983 about Jerrold S. Petrofsky, a biomedical engineer at Wright State University who had been trying to help paralyzed patients walk by electrically stimulating their muscles with a computer-controlled device.
In 1985 he finally completed some investigation and wrote a report which corrected the matter, but nearly got him into some trouble - until his report was subsequently vindicated.
(see the link to the PLOS Medicine paper.)
(Otherwise copied below sans embedded hyperlinks/images.)
Cross-Check: Critical views of science in the news
By John Horgan | November 2, 2013

I’m moving soon, and so I’m riffling through the files I’ve accumulated in my decades as a science writer and chucking those I’ll never (I hope) need. Carrying out this archaeological dig into the strata of my career, I’m struck once again by all the “breakthroughs” and “revolutions” that have failed to live up to their hype: string theory and other supposed “theories of everything,” self-organized criticality and other theories of complexity, anti-angiogenesis drugs and other potential “cures” for cancer, drugs that can make depressed patients “better than well,” “genes for” alcoholism, homosexuality, high IQ and schizophrenia.

Nanette Davis stands at the podium during her graduation from Wright State University in 1983, an event that raised hopes that electrical stimulation of muscles would soon help paralyzed people regain control of their limbs. Davis was helped to the podium by engineer Jerrold Petrofsky (right), the designer of her muscle-stimulation system.

I graduated from journalism school in 1983 hoping to celebrate scientific advances, but from the start reality thwarted my intentions. I got a job as a staff writer for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, a trade association. One of my first assignments was profiling Jerrold S. Petrofsky, a biomedical engineer at Wright State University trying to help paralyzed patients walk by electrically stimulating their muscles with a computer-controlled device.

Petrofsky was a lavishly honored star of the IEEE, whose research had reportedly enabled Nanette Davis, a paralyzed student at Wright State, to walk on stage and receive her diploma during her June, 1983, graduation ceremony. His work was lauded by major media, including the BBC, TIME, Newsweek, Nova and 60 Minutes. In 1985 CBS produced a television movie, First Steps, starring Judd Hirsch as Petrofsky.

I wrote a puff piece about Petrofsky–based primarily on interviews with him and materials supplied by him and Wright State–published in the November 1983 issue of The Institute, the monthly newspaper of the IEEE. It never occurred to me to question Petrosky’s claims. Who was I, a mere rookie, to second-guess him, Wright State and media like 60 Minutes?

Then other biomedical engineers wrote letters to me complaining that coverage of Petrofsky’s work was raising false hopes among paralyzed patients. At first, I thought these critics were just envious of Petrofsky’s fame, but when I investigated their complaints, they seemed to have substance.

I ended up writing an article, published in The Institute in May 1985, presenting evidence that Petrofsky’s methods for helping paralyzed subjects were less effective than he claimed. My original November 1983 article, which Petrosfsky had approved before publication, stated that Davis, while accompanied by Petrofsky during her graduation ceremony, controlled the stimulation of her own muscles and did not need his assistance.

Actually, Petrofsky held the device that stimulated Davis’s muscles, and he and another professor had to prop Davis up during the ceremony because the device malfunctioned. Davis also told me that before she met Petrofsky, she had trained herself to stand in leg braces for hours. In other words, her graduation feat was less impressive than it appeared. The muscle-stimulation method was also not risk free; Davis broke an ankle during a training session in 1984.

In my 1985 article, I argued that Petrofsky’s work raised questions that went beyond his case: “Has Petrofsky gone too far in seeking publicity for his work, as some of his peers suggest? Or should he be praised for being an effective communicator? In addressing these questions—which are echoed in other fields of research as well—perhaps some answers may be provided to a broader and more important question: What can engineers and scientists do to inform the public about their work, while ensuring that it is not misrepresented?”

This episode also taught me some lessons about science journalism that my subsequent experiences reinforced. First, researchers, when accused of hype, love to blame it on the media. But media hype can usually be traced back to the researchers themselves.

I also learned that critical journalism is much harder, more time-consuming and riskier than celebratory journalism. My 1985 investigation of Petrofsky, which I toiled over for months, made my editor so nervous that he wanted to bury it in the back pages of The Institute; I had to go over his head to persuade the publisher that my article deserved front-page treatment. After the article came out, the IEEE formed a panel to investigate not Petrofsky but me. The panel confirmed the accuracy of my reporting.

Since then, I keep struggling to find the right balance between celebrating and challenging alleged advances in science. After all, I became a science writer because I love science, and so I have tried not to become too cynical and suspicious of researchers. I worry sometimes that I’m becoming a knee-jerk critic. But the lesson I keep learning over and over again is that I am, if anything, not critical enough.

Arguably the biggest meta-story in science over the last few years—and one that caught me by surprise–is that much of the peer-reviewed scientific literature is rotten. A pioneer in exposing this vast problem is the Stanford statistician John Ioannidis, whose blockbuster 2005 paper in PLOS Medicine presented evidence that “most current published research findings are false.”

Discussing his findings in Scientific American two years ago, Ioannidis writes: “False positives and exaggerated results in peer-reviewed scientific studies have reached epidemic proportions in recent years. The problem is rampant in economics, the social sciences and even the natural sciences, but it is particularly egregious in biomedicine.”

In his recent defense of scientism (which I criticized on this blog), Steven Pinker lauds science’s capacity for overcoming bias and other human failings and correcting mistakes. But the work of Ioannidis and others shows that this capacity is greatly overrated.

“Academic scientists readily acknowledge that they often get things wrong,” The Economist states in its recent cover story “How Science Goes Wrong.” “But they also hold fast to the idea that these errors get corrected over time as other scientists try to take the work further. Evidence that many more dodgy results are published than are subsequently corrected or withdrawn calls that much-vaunted capacity for self-correction into question. There are errors in a lot more of the scientific papers being published, written about and acted on than anyone would normally suppose, or like to think.”

So whatever happened to Petrofsky? He reportedly left Wright State in 1987 and ended up at Loma Linda University in California. The only article I could find online that mentions criticism of his work at Wright State is a 1985 New York Times report on the angry reaction of biomedical researchers to the film “First Steps.” As for Nanette Davis, after her famous 1983 graduation “walk” she “returned to her wheelchair,” according to a 2010 report in the Dayton Daily News. She is now a mother and teacher.

Photo credit: National Center for Rehabilitation Engineering, Wright State University, http://www.wright.ed...a.ash/publicity.html.
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