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Recent Posts

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5976
@IainB - if it's any consolation, I know that too - and I still routinely forget or confuse it. So you're not alone.

I had to read Montgomery's article about three times before it sunk in, mainly because I kept getting kHz and kbps (and what they represent) confused in my head and found myself objecting to what he was saying because of it.

Maybe if the number 192 hadn't been used in connection with both... ;D
5977
General Software Discussion / Re: Cloud Backup Simplicity
« Last post by 40hz on March 08, 2012, 07:48 AM »
@Steven Avery - just a quick hello! Glad to see you back! Yay! :)
5978
DC Gamer Club / Re: Microsoft Flight Simulator - Free!
« Last post by 40hz on March 08, 2012, 07:32 AM »
Well, there is a rather nice (and free) one for space vessels called: 'Battleships Forever'. 

I'm on it! Thx!!!
5979
Not sure nudone - I don't think there will ever be a Windows 9.

The next one will be Metro 2 and the "legacy desktop" will be gone altogether. MS are too wedded to their new 'philosophy' and are proving incredibly deaf to any dissenting comments.

This has nothing to do with what customers want, it is all money - they want a piece of the App market, having seen the cash cow that is Apple.
-Carol Haynes (March 08, 2012, 05:11 AM)

I think the next step Microsoft (and everybody else) has in mind is to pull the PC out of the equation.

Governments aren't too happy with the incredible power that unlocked and general purpose PCs bring to the masses. Because while most governments see PCs as powerful tools for monitoring the public and money-grubbing (you didn't really think it was about 'liberty' and 'free speech did you?) they now realize they're also the tools that makes the actions of Wikileaks, and Anonymous, and sites like Megauploads possible. And government was never the sort to "take the bad with the good" if the 'bad' wasn't something they themselves were providing.

So rather than a new Windows (or OSX for that matter) I think the next "operating system" will be a box. It will be sleek. And it will be pretty. And it will be provisioned with just enough of a thin client to give it some brain and allow it to connect to a corporate-owned cloud. And THAT is where your 'personal' computer will actually reside.

Such a bright prospect for the future:

  • No more privacy. (You have to be a registered user to gain access - and you will be closely watched.)
  • No more anonymity. (Your credit card is on file so everything necessary to know about you is known.)
  • No more unauthorized media downloads or torrent games. (Won't the film and recording industry be pleased their multimillion dollar investment in realpolitik paid off so handsomely!)
  • No more real choice. (Although the huge app stores with their million-plus titles will go a long way towards masking that.)
  • No more fair-use. (Almost everything worth knowing and reading will disappear behind paywalls now that a more regulated "web experience" has been established. Not only good for revenue opportunities - but also for the side-effect of keeping "improper" and "offensive" materials out of the general public's sight. It's perfect! Censorship in everything but name.  )

Yup! That's the new "Windows." A client attached to a cloud and billed for on a monthly basis just like every other utility. "Software as a service!" Just a fancy way of closing the circle and bringing us right back to the bad old days when a rented terminal attached to a mainframe owned by IBM or Sperry-Rand was your only choice if you needed some computing power.

But hey! At least the graphics will be stunning. And they'll make sure there are plenty of cool games available because...well...games are really what it's all about, right? It's so important to keep the "children" occupied and out of trouble so the real "adults" can go do what they do best: hurt people and make money.

Of course there's that little penguin thing muddying up the formula a bit. But it isn't a real threat to the new web order. If it doesn't fade out by itself it can still be easily eliminated. With things like Secure Boot, it may soon make hardware that will run Linux increasingly harder to find.

And with restricted access to the clouds where most people will hang out, refusing to create (or more important - license someone to create) an access client will largely fence out those who still sing the FOSS song.

Then there's always software patents. Maybe Microsoft, and all the other parties to the "new deal," will finally begin to assert their huge patent portfolios against the underfunded  GNU/Linux?FOSS world as they've been threatening to do for the last 7 years. "Tie the buggers up in court until they go broke." It's the old wealthy vs poor lynch mob tactic. And it's still very effective.

And then there's also copyrights and trademarks. Just let the FOSS world try to educate people or protest. A simple DMCA 'slap' campaign will stifle them very quickly. And please children, don't say "But that's illegal!" That's for a court to decide. "So come sue me!" as the Chinese so often say. (Oh! That's right - we have billions in cash reserves plus an army of attorneys on payroll - and you're just a loose collective of underfunded independent developers with an EFF membership...hee-hee...)

And of course, if all else fails, governments can always just outlaw Linux outright, Probably in the name of anti-terrorism, fighting kiddie-porn, and national security if the usual formula still holds. Sure, there will be some outrage and grumbling. That's to be expected. But it will be mostly confined to American academics, the usual malcontents, and their Eurotrash counterparts. (Boy-howdy! You should see the files the FBI has got on these people!)

However, why be so obvious when restricting access to the web, eliminating open hardware, and insane IP laws place so many other arrows in the quiver? It looks better killing off FOSS in stages. And most people will never connect the dots anyway. And the ones that do? Just call em' a bunch of conspiracy freaks and pass em' a roll of tinfoil. And be sure to get their names while you're at it.

Besides, if people really "need" to run Linux, they can always get a copy of RedHat or Suse. At least those guys know how the game is played. They proved that when they showed enough intelligence to knuckle under and cut cross-licensing deals with Microsoft and the other players. So they're already in the app stores. You can run either version of Linux as a service under Metro!

Sometimes the more things change, the more they become the same. The new frontier has been settled. The original gold rush is mostly over. And it's now time for railroads and the big "land grab" to begin.

If the unrestricted personal computer is being seen as the snake in our new heavily walled garden of paradise, it appears the only way to deal with that snake is to force it to devour it's own tail.

orboros.gif

Apple once sounded the clarion call and promised us that "1984 would not be like 1984" if Apple had anything to say about it. And they told the truth. 1984 wasn't anything like 1984. But 2012 is beginning to look increasingly like it. And if the trend continues, the next twelve years will see this transition completed.

No wonder Microsoft keeps telling us "how excited we are" (they say that about every 15 seconds in their presentations) about Windows 8 and what Metro represents to the world of operating systems.

Have a nice day! :)

5980
OK. I know Microsoft has never been big on diplomacy or subtlety. But I think they might have finally gone insane - - or maybe just drank so much of their own Kool-Aid that they don't care what anybody else thinks anymore.

From the folks over at ReadWriteWeb.com comes this capsule summary of Microsoft's keynote at CeBIT in Hannover Germany (link to full article here):


Microsoft: Consumers Will Force Enterprises to Adopt Windows 8
By Scott M. Fulton, III / March 7, 2012 2:00 PM


CIOs and managers who answer to CIOs attended the keynote sessions at the CeBIT conference in Hannover yesterday expecting Microsoft to explain to them, for the first time, where the business value in Windows 8 will come from. What they got may have been a bit of a shock: It was a demonstration of all the new Windows 8 features that Microsoft expects consumers to flock to in high numbers.

It was followed by this argument, by the company's Chief Operating Officer, Kevin Turner: Employees will be bringing devices into the workplace that run Windows 8, whether it wants them or not. Running Windows 8 will be as simple as plugging in a USB stick, even in a Windows 7 machine. So enterprises had better "get ahead" now, and embrace the wave rather than try to repel it.

"When you think about the opportunity that we have with big data, we also see an explosion as it relates to the consumerization of IT," Turner told CeBIT attendees. "What we see within the consumerization of IT is the ability to have a tremendous digital work style really get married with the convergence, basically, of a digital lifestyle."

It was this conjugation, if you will, that set the theme for Microsoft's entire presentation: Since employees want to do what they want to do, there's no point in trying to stop them.

Wow! First locking all Metro apps into their app store; then trying to lock all the hardware in with their Windows 8 Secure Boot strategy; and now this...

They really are starting to sound a lot like Apple lately aren't they...or maybe even the Borg? :-\

win8Borg.jpg


5981
Original comment retracted. With apologies to all. :-[
5982
27 more pages worth of good reading on sample rates and theory in this paper by Dan Lavry of Lavry Engineering, Inc. LE is one of the leading names in high-end professional audio production and engineering. Makers of gorgeous, powerful, and very $$$$ rack gear. (Note: link is for PDF.)
 8) :Thmbsup:
5983
Nudone you do not count, your sensory perception exceeds that of humans.

That's right. Nudone is a god! ;D
5984
General Software Discussion / Re: Request for information about DonationCoder
« Last post by 40hz on March 07, 2012, 08:02 AM »
Right now I think emotions are running rather high and are not setting the stage for a constructive dialog here. Since none of us are fully up on what's going on, or party to whatever lead up to original and subsequent posts,  I'd like to respectfully suggest restraint and good manners on the part of everybody when responding to this particular thread. :-)




5985
But the one piece of equipment I have recently accepted as being effective are pre-amps.  And if I'm understanding it correctly, the article actually confirms this belief.  For a given volume, I've noticed equipment with good or better pre-amps makes the sound more pleasing to the ear.  Why?  Well, apparently, for digital music, amplifying the signal reduces the effect of noise...and it's the opposite for analog.

Bingo!

Which is why one of the more expensive devices you'll find in any recording studio are the outboard preamps. It's also the main thing that separates a PA or "live" mixing board from a studio console - the quality of the preamps.

Note: Good info on preamps (along with tons of other stuff) can be found here. I'm a big fan of Sweetwater. One of the best info sources and suppliers of all things musical. If you're a "music creative" looking for rock solid information and advice, browse their site and/or give them a call. They're fantastic. I usually don't buy anything musical (that doesn't have strings on it) without talking to them first.
 :Thmbsup:
5986
Living Room / Re: More Complete Patent Insanity (Warning -- You may vomit)
« Last post by 40hz on March 06, 2012, 02:40 PM »
After the Philippines (a case of economic colonisation), the US doesn't "colonise" other territories anymore, but it sure seems to exercise an economic and political command and control system over them when it wants to.

That's the way it's done today.

The USA does it. Russia does it. China does it to the point of conducting missile tests and war games off the coast of Taiwan just to let everybody know they can go in and take it any time they want to. The European Union wishes it could do it...as does all those little nations who are furiously trying to get a nuclear weapons capability in place.

Brave new world. And one which is much like the bad "old" one.

Hegemony is hegemony no matter whose flag it flies. Roman eagle, star, crescent, cross, hammer & sickle, red star, stars & stripes? Bah! Purely cosmetic. The underlying attitude and philosophy remains the same:

Biggest kids boss the big kids. The big kids boss the smaller kids. And the small kids push the little kids around.

Life's no different on the international stage than it is on any other barnyard or school playground.

So it goes.  :-\
5987
General Software Discussion / Re: Linus Torvalds on OpenSUSE
« Last post by 40hz on March 06, 2012, 02:25 PM »

PMS would be better...?


PMs = personal messages.  ;) ;D

5988

because 24/192 is superior,


Because?

Did you read the entire article and understand what he was saying? It's not just about distortion. It primarily deals with using music files at resolutions and sample rates that add no audible improvements to the playback. And that also have the potential to create worse sound in the process. At the very least, he's saying they waste space. At worst, they don't sound as good as theoretically lower resolution sampling sizes..

Also note he's talking about the final playback files (i.e. the ones you buy for your iPod) - not the intermediate work files that get created and used during the recording process. He explains why high sampling rates are not a bad thing when recording or mastering.

He's arguing for the lower sample rate for distributed songs.

 :)
5989
I cannot off the top of my not-so-sober head think of any sort of reason that uncompressed audio would have any sort of issue

Ah Renegade! ;D Best read the article then. It's anything but off the top of the head or gut.

The issue he raises with ultrasonics and intermodulation distortion is valid and well documented. People running sound clamp down on the high end in the stage mix as much as possible while trying not to remove any more 'sizzle' than necessary. If you don't do that, your 'house sound' gets very harsh and your hi-freq drivers burn out much more often.

The weird thing about digital is the way distortion manifests itself. With analog, distortion generally increases and decreases with the total signal level. With digital, noise is fixed and has this weird way of sounding like it's increasing as you lower the volume. That's not something that occurs in nature, so your lower brain goes into a tailspin subconsciously trying to figure it out. The end result is that humans tend to be bothered (on a gut level) by digital distortion much more than they are by analog distortion. Probably because the way digital distortion behaves is "not of this earth." And on an instinctive level, your brain knows it - and flags it as potential danger.

Which is also why digital recordings sound so "hot." You want to get as much audible signal up above the 'noise floor' as possible in order to mask the fixed amount of quantizing distortion in the signal. So you crank the recording levels. With analog you can only push it up so far without introducing more distortion. So the name of the game with analog is to push it up just short of clipping.

Yup. Times have changed. In the old days, the way to cut back on distortion was to "turn it down." With digital, one way to minimize perceived distortion is to "crank it up."

5990
It's been a while since I've been over to the xiph.org website. But a heads-up on the Hacker News RSS feed directed me to this excellent article by Redhat's 'Monty' Montgomery entitled:

24/192 Music Downloads...and why they make no sense

cochlea-and-responses.png

Articles last month revealed that musician Neil Young and Apple's Steve Jobs discussed offering digital music downloads of 'uncompromised studio quality'. Much of the press and user commentary was particularly enthusiastic about the prospect of uncompressed 24 bit 192kHz downloads. 24/192 featured prominently in my own conversations with Mr. Young's group several months ago.

Unfortunately, there is no point to distributing music in 24-bit/192kHz format. Its playback fidelity is slightly inferior to 16/44.1 or 16/48, and it takes up 6 times the space.

There are a few real problems with the audio quality and 'experience' of digitally distributed music today. 24/192 solves none of them. While everyone fixates on 24/192 as a magic bullet, we're not going to see any actual improvement.
First, the bad news

In the past few weeks, I've had conversations with intelligent, scientifically minded individuals who believe in 24/192 downloads and want to know how anyone could possibly disagree. They asked good questions that deserve detailed answers.

I was also interested in what motivated high-rate digital audio advocacy. Responses indicate that few people understand basic signal theory or the sampling theorem, which is hardly surprising. Misunderstandings of the mathematics, technology, and physiology arose in most of the conversations, often asserted by professionals who otherwise possessed significant audio expertise. Some even argued that the sampling theorem doesn't really explain how digital audio actually works [1].

Misinformation and superstition only serve charlatans. So, let's cover some of the basics of why 24/192 distribution makes no sense before suggesting some improvements that actually do.

Very interesting argument, and well worth going through and thinking about if you're involved in music production, are a recording musician, or are an interested consumer of digital audio.

Those involved or interested in migrating music collections over to their home theater systems or media server would do well to read and ponder what Monty is saying in this article.

Because it runs counter to much of what I "just know" about audio, I took the time to experiment with sampling rates and do some critical listening over the last few days. Apparently I'm not alone in misunderstanding what I "know" about sampling rates:

Sampling theory is often unintuitive without a signal processing background. It's not surprising most people, even brilliant PhDs in other fields, routinely misunderstand it. It's also not surprising many people don't even realize they have it wrong.

Much to my surprise, I found the information in this article to be spot on as far as my ears were concerned - although YMMV since no two people hear things exactly the same way.

Monty argues further that 192kHz music files not only don't provide the promised benefits their endorsers claim, they actually introduce problems for audio that weren't there before:

192kHz considered harmful

192kHz digital music files offer no benefits. They're not quite neutral either; practical fidelity is slightly worse. The ultrasonics are a liability during playback.

Neither audio transducers nor power amplifiers are free of distortion, and distortion tends to increase rapidly at the lowest and highest frequencies. If the same transducer reproduces ultrasonics along with audible content, harmonic distortion will shift some of the ultrasonic content down into the audible range as an uncontrolled spray of intermodulation distortion products covering the entire audible spectrum. Harmonic distortion in a power amplifier will produce the same effect. The effect is very slight, but listening tests have confirmed that both effects can be audible.
.
.
.
Inaudible ultrasonics contribute to intermodulation distortion in the audible range (light blue area). Systems not designed to reproduce ultrasonics typically have much higher levels of distortion above 20kHz, further contributing to intermodulation. Widening a design's frequency range to account for ultrasonics requires compromises that decrease noise and distortion performance within the audible spectrum. Either way, unneccessary reproduction of ultrasonic content diminishes performance.

There are a few ways to avoid the extra distortion:

1) A dedicated ultrasonic-only speaker, amplifier, and crossover stage to separate and independently reproduce the ultrasonics you can't hear, just so they don't mess up the sounds you can.

2) Speakers and amplifiers carefully designed not to reproduce ultrasonics anyway.

3) Not encoding such a wide frequency range to begin with. You can't and won't have ultrasonic intermodulation distortion in the audible band if there's no ultrasonic content.

They all amount to the same thing, but only 3) makes any sense.


So why be concerned - or just refuse to play the 192kHz marketing game? The article's conclusion sums it up better than I could:

Outro

    "I never did care for music much.
    It's the high fidelity!"
         —Flanders & Swann, A Song of Reproduction


The point is enjoying the music, right? Modern playback fidelity is incomprehensibly better than the already excellent analog systems available a generation ago. Is the logical extreme any more than just another first world problem? Perhaps, but bad mixes and encodings do bother me; they distract me from the music, and I'm probably not alone.

Why push back against 24/192? Because it's a solution to a problem that doesn't exist, a business model based on willful ignorance and scamming people. The more that pseudoscience goes unchecked in the world at large, the harder it is for truth to overcome truthiness... even if this is a small and relatively insignificant example.

    "For me, it is far better to grasp the Universe as it really is than to persist in delusion, however satisfying and reassuring."
         —Carl Sagan



Great article. Read it! Link here.

 8) :Thmbsup:

----

Note: There's also a very good 30-min introduction video called:A Digital Media Primer for Geeks that's worth watching to get a quick rundown on what all this techspeak is about. Monty does one of the best quick intros ever for this 'confusing for non-professionals' topic.

Might even be worth a watch if you do know most of this stuff. I thought I "knew some" about digital audio, but discovered I was dead wrong about something else I thought I knew about digital video.

"It isn't what we don't know that gives us trouble,
it's what we know that ain't so."
- Will Rogers
;D


Cool vid. Watch it!

 8)
5991
Living Room / Re: More Complete Patent Insanity (Warning -- You may vomit)
« Last post by 40hz on March 06, 2012, 08:03 AM »
Wait a minute ... Prius is/means mad in latin?!?  Oh I'll have a ball with that!
Sorry to disappoint. Prius means "prior to" or "before." ;)
All those proud Prius owners can now heave a sigh of relief?       ;)
Not on my watch they can't - I hate those things.

It's only because you know them for the fraud they currently are. (Their "all-in" environmental footprint is bigger than that of an internal combustion vehicle!)

Y'know ... if you're gonna confuse the issue with logic and facts...we might as well end this conversation right now! :P ;D

5992
Living Room / Re: More Complete Patent Insanity (Warning -- You may vomit)
« Last post by 40hz on March 05, 2012, 07:22 PM »
Wait a minute ... Prius is/means mad in latin?!?  Oh I'll have a ball with that!

Sorry to disappoint. Prius means "prior to" or "before." ;)
5993
Living Room / Re: More Complete Patent Insanity (Warning -- You may vomit)
« Last post by 40hz on March 05, 2012, 07:08 PM »
After the Philippines (a case of economic colonisation), the US doesn't "colonise" other territories anymore, but it sure seems to exercise an economic and political command and control system over them when it wants to.

It's right out of the old playbook the Soviets used in Eastern Europe and Finland. You don't want to occupy anything you can control without doing so. Much like the asset protection strategy employed by the very rich: Own nothing personally. Maintain full control using proxies.

Dave Chow carnival barker.jpg

It is somewhat ironic that the current US government refuses to be a treaty party to existing international laws and courts that deal with human rights and war crimes - but is self-righteously insistent on creating an entirely new body of law which broadly expands protections for so-called intellectual property. And furthermore, insists that its blatantly biased interpretation and language be accepted internationally without any discussion, real debate, or pubic voting.

Oh well...Quem deus vult perdere, dementat prius.*

Looks like Euripedes nailed it. ;D

(*Whom the gods would destroy, they first make mad.)
5994
Living Room / Re: Obtaining Windows OS ISO's
« Last post by 40hz on March 05, 2012, 05:02 PM »
They have been donated by some company to a charity I help with
-Stephen66515 (March 05, 2012, 04:44 PM)

IF you're working with a registered non-profit or charity (i.e. 501(c)(3) status non-profit or library ), and involved with their technology, you'll want to be aware of these guys.

Microsoft works with this group too. Good source for super-inexpensive software, etc. :Thmbsup:

 8)

5995
Living Room / Re: Obtaining Windows OS ISO's
« Last post by 40hz on March 05, 2012, 04:18 PM »
Did you try contacting Microsoft directly?

AFAIK Win95/98 is no longer available anywhere.
5996
General Software Discussion / Re: Is Antivirus Software a Waste of Money?
« Last post by 40hz on March 05, 2012, 03:09 PM »
When you can go to perfectly legit, big-name web sites, and get infected through an exploit in a banner ad... It's like you said. The days of just using common sense are long over.

Truer words were seldom spoken. 8) :Thmbsup:



These articles really irritate me. It reads as a case of being "contrarian" just for the sake of it. Maybe he had to find something to grind out to meet a deadline.

I'd file the article alongside such things as "why you should eat more salt" and "why it's ok to put your credit card details in email"



Bingo. :Thmbsup:

(Besides, with excellent free products like MSE available for the download, what difference does it make? You can't waste money you haven't spent. :mrgreen:)
5997
Living Room / Re: More Complete Patent Insanity (Warning -- You may vomit)
« Last post by 40hz on March 05, 2012, 02:49 PM »
Microsoft is eroding the ground out from under the FOSS world by doing this to one Linux distro or open source technology at a time.

I personally suspect the reason the U.S. government is allowing this to continue - and pushing so hard for international IP laws favorable to large companies - is in order to preserve US corporate dominance in key areas of technology. Something that's becoming increasingly hard to do now that the world's technical sophistication is catching up, or surpassing it, in areas where the US was traditionally considered the world leader. (Examples include: genetic research being throttled or actively blocked because of fundamentalist religious opposition; space exploration due to public indifference and mounting public debt following the Afghanistan and Iraq military actions, etc.),

Now that America has farmed out as much manufacturing and production as it possibly can (for short term stock gains that primarily benefit corporate directors and officers no less!), what else do most large US businesses have left to protect?

If people around the world refuse to let the US have a legal lock on all innovation through an abusive copyright and troll infested patent system, Uncle Sam is screwed royally. And the US legislature and corporations all know it.

It's no accident so much important research is being conducted in places other than the US. The US has lost it's way. And the rest of the world has better things to do with itself besides waiting for all those right-thinking-god-fearing-freedom-loving Americans to get their act together and rediscover the sources of their former greatness. (Hint: a commitment to innovation, the discipline to forgo short-term gains in order  to invest in the future, a respect for education, a willingness to take chances and experiment, and the ability to see beyond next quarter's profit statement.)

Maybe nobody likes patent trolling. But I think the government can't figure out a way to prevent it and still keep it's restrictive global IP agenda on track.

Trolls may be evil. But as of right now, the government considers them as an unfortunate side effect of a bigger agenda. And that's to keep what lead the US still has in certain key areas of technology through legal fiat rather than innovation and entrepreneurship.

So don't expect any relief from Washington or US courts on any of this crap.

About the only thing we can expect is for all the "alphabet soup" coming out of Washington (ACTA, PIPA, SOPA, PreCISE, DMCA, etc.) to increase as time goes on.

That and for the rest of the world to eventually say: "You know what USA? Screw you! Get lost."  :(
5998
General Software Discussion / Re: How to remove Windows.old?
« Last post by 40hz on March 05, 2012, 02:23 PM »
Out of curiosity...how did you get around the product activation issue?

I didn't per se ... It just reverts to (psudo) retail behavior with a Activate Windows prompt, followed by a Rejected Product Key message that lets you enter a new key ... which I just grabbed off the COA label on the machine in question. It then activates, done. ;)

Aha...

Thx. Adding it to my KB.

No hassles with GA when accessing WSUS afterwards I take it?
5999
General Software Discussion / Re: How to remove Windows.old?
« Last post by 40hz on March 05, 2012, 01:51 PM »
Um... Not exactly. The Branded OEMs are customized as to what they will (brand) hardware they will activate on ... But they will install on anything. I've got a set of Dell (because they are the cleanest) install disks that range from XPSP3 to Win7, and have used them to install on machines from all sorts of different manufacturers (Acer, HP, eMachine, etc...) and never had a problem as long as the COA was for the edition being installed...and was still legible.

@SJ - Good to know. I've had Sony and Gateway disks refuse to install for me if booted on non-manufacturer machines. Same goes for a few HP and eMachine CDs I have. Wonder if that's just an anomaly I've experienced, or if they're doing something new? Also needed to order Viao disks for a client and had to get into a long phone conversation with Sony to get them because I didn't have the correct serial number they wanted about a year ago.

Maybe they're lightening up now that XP's on it's way out? (Although you did say Win 7 too didn't you?)

---

Out of curiosity...how did you get around the product activation issue?



6000
General Software Discussion / Re: Can anyone be a Hacker!
« Last post by 40hz on March 05, 2012, 01:40 PM »
Hacker used to mean somebody who understood computers and networks on a systems level and could program them to do anything they wanted.

Later on, it was mostly applied to people who could circumvent the security restrictions on a local computer and gain access to the "root" or "supervisor" level. This was almost always done for purposes of learning, or out of simple curiosity.

There's tons of stories about how the term "hacker" came to be. Most agree (although there are different versions of this story) that the term originated at MIT. Those in the early computer community that was beginning to form around people using early minicomputers and architectures they ran on, along with the LISP crowd (of Richard Stallman fame). This community operated on a form of meritocracy. If you were knowledgeable and smart enough to be able program the machines in this environment - in short, if you could "cut" or "hack" it - and keep up with the crowd, you were a "hacker." A hacker was somebody who could code - and knew what they were doing.

Later on the press dubbed people engaging in cyber-crime "hackers" because it had a nice aggressive ring to it - and because most of the people involved in it learned their skills by joining or reading tech docs written by traditional hackers.

Some hackers tried to differentiate themselves from the criminal and malicious element by trying to force the term "cracker" on the news media. But to no avail. Today hacker and cyber-criminal are synonymous terms.

So there's never been a better time to urge the status of the term "hacker" be changed to deprecated, and come up with better terms.

So to respond to your four points:

   * Who can be a Hacker:

Anybody who doesn't mind being thought of as a cyber-criminal or vandal.

Everybody else should choose better and more descriptive titles, depending on what they want to do. Better choices are: programmer, coder, software developer, system administrator, kernal developer, etc.

   * What should one know to be a Hacker:

To truly master the art of systems and programming you need to have a deep and profound understanding of computer fundamentals. How these things work on their most basic level. Once you have that, what else you'll need to know depends on what you're interested in doing.

Problem is, it's pretty hard to grasp those fundamentals without first doing something with these machines. So you most likely won't sit down and say: "OK, first I'm going to study Turing, and then study machine architecture, then I'll learn all about operating systems, and then study language design, and then..." What you'll do instead is start learning a language (any language will do although some are better to start with than others) and writing programs. From there, you'll begin to learn and absorb as much as you're interested in about the underlying systems and protocols your language uses. And from there, you're only limited by time, patience, and the limits of your intelligence and learning style.

It's hard to predict exactly when you'll realize you know what you're doing. But you'll know it when it happens. Everything suddenly clicks and and starts to makes sense. New things get learned much more easily. And everything starts to integrate with everything else. It's a good feeling.

   * What are the programs used by a Hacker:

All depends on what they want to accomplish. One mark of an accomplished computer user is their ability to identify and select the correct tools for the job at hand.

  * What are the languages a Hacker should know:

Any and all. The biggies are C, C++, C#, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Microsoft's Visual Basic and related programming framework, plus all the web-related scripting languages.

But there are also more specialized languages such as Erlang, Smalltalk, and Scheme that are also popular in certain programming circles.

So again...it all depends on what you want to do.

Luck!  8)
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