(Disclaimer: my reading and quoting of the ZEIT ONLINE article was done using Google Translate, since I cannot read German nearly well enough on my own)
If you read
the original article on ZEIT ONLINE, it doesn't say that a backdoor has been discovered. In fact, the article is mostly about the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) standard, which has been around for a a while now. The ZEIT ONLINE article is addressing an upcoming 2.0 version of TPM which apparently will not let users disable the TPM functionality (or something).
TPM is a mechanism where the computer will boot and run code only if it has been signed by some authority.
The article does say this about the NSA backdoor:
In light of the revelations [by] Snowden it takes little imagination accordingly, to be regarded by 8 TPM 2.0 and Windows as a back door for the NSA, just waiting to be opened.
In other words, they can well imagine that the TPM 2.0 standard could harbor an NSA backdoor. But one hasn't been discovered yet.
While TPM may be undesirable to end users (though if administration of TPM keys is allowed to end users, it could be a benefit to them), the NSA backdoor is simply speculation - one has not been discovered.
Not to mention, if MS were going to provide (or has provided, if you like) a backdoor for the NSA, they wouldn't necessarily need TPM to do it.