f0dder
Thank you for your attention to the problem :)
I am willing to experiment with the Sysinternals, just write exactly what to do.

upd:
He says that he was busy System pid: 4

upd2:
Hooray! I started digging on this issue and finally came across this http://superuser.com/questions/234569/windows-7-delayed-file-delete
I had turned off the service, with a very long time. Apparently, what the update has changed the algorithm which is why it shutdown caused these problems.
The problem is completely solved

wraith808
I tried and other folders - the error persists

Tried to create new containers - the error persists.

No mistakes in a safe mode.

wraith808
Yes.
I recorded a video https://youtu.be/20Rucu3pblM . Explanation of what is happening: new.exe file after modification attempt is displayed, but it is no longer physically. How to explain it, I do not know.